Impact of Waste Management on Surface Water and Soil Pollution on the Right Bank of the Congo River in the Brazzaville Agglomeration (Republic of Congo)
Keywords:
Survey, waste management, pollution, water, soil, BrazzavilleAbstract
Situated on the right bank of the Pool Malébo, in the Congo River basin, the city of Brazzaville is rich in potential water resources. This resource is being polluted by human practices that are deteriorating the quality of the soil and, consequently, the quality of the water. The aim of this study is therefore to list the activities carried out by the population around watercourses in order to get an idea of how waste is managed and its impact on water and soil quality. The survey sample was selected on the basis of zones of influence located between 250 m and 750 m around watercourses. The survey form was drawn up using Sphinx Plus2-Edition Lexica-V5. The data from the surveys was entered into the same software, then transferred to Excel for processing in order to produce the graphs. 880 people were surveyed, the most dominant age group being between 25 and 48 years old, i.e. a rate of 66%; the female sex being the most representative with a rate of 54%. The average age of the respondents was lower secondary school, and they were generally employed in the private sector. Commercial activities (restaurants/bars, pharmacies, grocery stores/butchers, markets, etc.) are the most common economic activity, with a rate of around 70%; 59% of these activities are located close to or very close to the watercourse (750 - 1000 m). The activities that contribute to soil degradation, and consequently water degradation, in the city of Brazzaville are: 59% the dumping of household waste and/or wastewater on the ground and 32% uncontrolled urbanization. The study shows that soil and water pollution in Brazzaville is caused by poor management of household waste and uncontrolled urbanization.
References
Adjagodo A., Agassounon Djikpo Tchibozo M., Kelome N. C., Lawani R. (2016). Flux des polluants liés aux activités anthropiques, risques sur les ressources en eau de surface et la chaine trophique à travers le monde: synthèse bibliographique Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. Vol. 10 No. 3. Pp. 1459-1472.
Aw S. E., N’goran B. Z., Siaka S., Parinet B. (2011). Intérêt de l’analyse multidimensionnelle pour l’évaluation de la qualité physico-chimique de l’eau d’un système lacustre tropical: cas des lacs de Yamoussoukro (Côte d’Ivoire). J. Appl. Biosc., vol. 38, pp. 2573-2585
Aziz Assaad. (2014) Pollution anthropique de cours d’eau : caractérisation spatio-temporelle et estimation des flux. Thèse Université de Lorraine, HAL open science, 227 p.
Compaoré E., Nanéma L. S. (2010). Compostage et qualité du compost de déchets urbains solides de la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Tropicultura Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 232 – 237
Dieng S. D., Diop M., Goudiaby A., Niang-Diop F., Faye L. C., Guiro I., Sambou S., Lykke A. M., Sambou B. (2016). Caractérisation des services écosystémiques fournis par Cordyla pinnata dans la périphérie de la Forêt classée de Patako au Sénégal. VertigO, vol. 16, No. 2, 18 p.
Dovonou F. E., Mivodjo Alladassivo E., Martial Koukpo J., Sintondji, L., Yalo N. (2022). Evaluation de la qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique de l’eau du lac Azili dans la commune de Zangnanado au centre du Bénin Internationa Journal of Biological and Chemical Science. Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 867-877.
Essouli O. F., Miyouna T., Essouli Kessimpou P., Boudzoumou F., Matini L., Faye S. (2020). Hydrochimie des eaux de surface et souterraines de la partie Nord de Brazzaville: origine et processus de minéralisation. Revue RAMReS –Sci. Appl. & de l’Ing., Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
Hawa S. (2011). Analyse physico-chimique et bactériologique au L.N.S. des eaux de consommation de la ville de Bamako durant la période 2000 et 2001.Thèse de Doctorat d’état en Pharmacie, Faculté de Médécine de Bamako, 77 p.
INSERM (2015). Dossier d’information sur le paludisme, unité de recherche 1135 Inserm/UPMC, Centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris) - janvier 2015
Koua O. J., Nzaou S. (2011). Perspective de la population congolaise de 2007 à 2020, CNSEE, 11 p.
Laffite A., Kilunga P., Kayembe J., Devarajan N., Mulaji C., Giuliani G., Poté J. (2016). Hospital effluents are one of several sources of metal, antibiotic resistance genes, and bacterial markers disseminated in sub-saharan urban rivers. Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 7, pp. 11- 28.
Madzella Mbiemo M. (2019). Biens et services écosystémiques associés à la forêt de la Djoumouna, Brazzaville (Congo). Mémoire de Master d’enseignement en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université Marien Ngouabi, Ecole Normale Supérieure. 87p.
Malmqvist B., Rundle S. (2002). Threats to the running water ecosystems of the world. Environmental Conservation. 29 p.
Mbaka P., Mwangi J., Kiptum C. (2017). Assessment of water quality in selected shallow wells of Keiyo Highlands, Kenya. African Journal of Science Technology Innovation and Development, vol. 9, No. 3, pp.1-10.
Mombo JB., Edou M. (2005). La gestion des déchets solides urbains au Gabon. Geo-Eco-Trop. Vol. 29, pp. 89-100.
Mubedi J., Devarajan N., Le Faucheur S., Mpuku J., Atibu E. Sivalingam P., Poté J. (2013). Effects of untreated hospital effluents on the accumulation of toxic metals in sediments of receiving system under tropical conditions: case of South India and Democratic Republic of Congo. Chemosphere, vol. 93, No. 6, pp. 1070-1076.
Mukuku O., Musung J. M., Samba C. K., Tshibanda C. N., Mavuta C. Z., Bamba M. M., Luboya N. O. (2018). Évaluation de la gestion des déchets ménagers dans la commune de Katuba à Lubumbashi (République Démocratique du Congo). Revue de l’Infirmier Congolais. Vol. 2, pp. 50-56.
Nwamo R. D., Ba’ana Etoundi M. L., Tchoumbougnang F., Dibong D. S. (2016). Impacts des actions anthropiques sur les zones humides de la ville de Douala et solutions de gestion durable: cas de la rivière Kondi. Journal of Applied Biosciences vol. 99 pp. 9423-94321.
Nzila, J. D., Watha-Ndoudy N., Kinzounza J. R., Abia J. B. (2010). Caractérisation et quantification des déchets solides dans les décharges brutes de la ville de Brazzaville (Congo). In: Annales de la Faculté des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Ngaoundéré. Vol 11, 22 p.
Nzila J. D., Salisou Yallo M., Watha-Ndoudy N., Nguila-Ntsoko D. P., Gakosso N. V., Banzouzi Ntondélé O. C., Kampé J. P., Louembé D., Kimpouni V. (2018). Spatial distribution of metallic trace elements in the soils of Mayanga market garden sites in Brazzaville (Congo). Journal of Applied Biosciences. Vol. 132 pp. 13413 – 13423.
Ofouémé-Berton Y. (2010). « L’approvisionnement en eau des populations rurales au Congo Brazzaville », Les Cahiers d’OutreMer No. 249, pp. 7-30. DOI: 10.4000/ com.5838
Pambou Y., Apinda Legnouo E. A., Alankila Otélé A., Massolou A. M., Ngayila N., Madoungou Ndjeunda G. M., Zinga C. R., Mavoungou J. F. (2022). Variabilité saisonnière de la qualité des eaux du bassin versant de Nzeng-Ayong dans le sixième arrondissement de la commune de Libreville (Gabon). Journal of Applied Biosciences, vol. 169, 17559-17574.
PARSEGD (2008). Etude de la gestion des déchets solides de Brazzaville diagnostic et plan directeur de gestion. Vol. 1, 141 p.
Poté J., Haller L., Loizeau J. L., Garcia Bravo A., Sastre V., Wildi W. (2008). Effects of a sewage treatment plant outlet pipe extension on the distribution of contaminants in the sediments of the bay of Vidy, Lake Geneva, Switzerland. Bioressource Technology, vol. 99, No. 15, pp. 7122-7131.
Pritchard M., Mkandawire T., O'Neill J. (2009). Groundwater pollution in shallow wells in Southern Malawi and a potential indigenous method of water purification. Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Management in the Developing World, pp. 169- 179.
Rebouh D. (2019). Gestion des déchets de constructions en Algérie. Mémoire de Master Université Mouloud Mammeri Tizi-Ouzou. 90 p.
WHO (2011). Guidelines for drinking water quality (4th Ed). Geneva, World Health Organization, Switzerland: 541p.
Zmirou D., Beausoleil de Coninck P., Déportes I., Dor F., EmpereurBissonet P., Hours M., Keck G., Lefebvre L., Rouisse L. (2003). Déchets et sols pollués. In : Environnement et santé publique – Fondements et pratiques, Edisem / Tec et Doc, Acton vale / Paris, pp. 397-440
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 ESI Preprints
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
