Navigating Chronic Disease Management with Digital Healthcare Solutions amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
Chronic Disease, Digital Healthcare, Telemedicine, COVID-19Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate data collected from various studies on Chronic Disease Management during the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of Digital Healthcare as a means of providing innovative approaches to manage chronic diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was applied. Studies were found after a search in the Pubmed database with no publication date time limit, given that COVID–19 emerged in 2019. A Prisma diagram was created to record the way and the criteria by which we included and excluded studies for our research. Out of the 567 records identified through various sources 85 were used for a qualitative synthesis. Results: During the first wave of the pandemic, a significant reduction or complete cancellation of scheduled health appointments was observed. Shortages of medication used to manage chronic conditions were also observed at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic due to global supply chain disruptions. Governments acted rapidly at the beginning of the pandemic to promote the use of teleconsultations by introducing enabling legislation and revising laws ensuring continuity of care for people with chronic diseases, thus transitioning rapidly to remote care and monitoring. Conclusion: Telemedicine and involving community pharmacists in chronic patient management are key for sustained adherence. Long-term policies are vital to prevent pandemic-driven health disparities. Lessons should be derived for future preparedness, managing subsequent waves, and ensuring testing in primary care.
References
Alsharif, A. H. (2022). Attitudes of Patients with Chronic Diseases toward Management eHealth Applications Systems in Post-COVID19 Times. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074289
Alvarez, P., Sianis, A., Brown, J., Ali, A., & Briasoulis, A. (2021). Chronic disease management in heart failure: Focus on telemedicine and remote monitoring. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 22(2), 403–413. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2202046
Balasuriya, L., Briss, P. A., Evelyn Twentyman, J. L. W., Lisa C. Richardson, E. T. B., Wright, J. S., Petersen, R., Hannan, C. J., Craig W. Thomas, Wanda D. Barfield, D. L. K., & Karen A. Hacker. (2023). Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nationwide Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Activities. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 64(3), 452–458, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.012
Camacho-Rivera, M., Islam, J. Y., Rivera, A., & Vidot, D. C. (2020). Attitudes toward using COVID-19 mHealth tools among adults with chronic health conditions: Secondary data analysis of the COVID-19 impact survey. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.2196/24693
Chan-Nguyen, S., Ritsma, B., Nguyen, L., Srivastava, S., Shukla, G., & Appireddy, R. (2022). Virtual Care Access and Health Equity during the COVID-19 Pandemic, a qualitative study of patients with chronicdiseases from Canada. Digital Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221074486
Chu, C., Cram, P., Pang, A., Stamenova, V., Tadrous, M., & Bhatia, R. S. (2021). Rural telemedicine use before and during the COVID19 pandemic: Repeated cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2196/26960
Chua, V., Koh, J. H., Koh, C. H. G., & Tyagi, S. (2022). The Willingness to Pay for Telemedicine Among Patients With Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/33372
Chudasama, Y. V., Gillies, C. L., Zaccardi, F., Coles, B., Davies, M. J., Seidu, S., & Khunti, K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on routine care for chronic diseases: A global survey of views from healthcare professionals. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(5), 965–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.042
Como, M., Carter, C. W., Larose-Pierre, M., O’Dare, K., Hall, C. R., Mobley, J., Robertson, G., Leonard, J., & Tew, L. (2020).
Pharmacist-led chronic care management for medically underserved rural populations in Florida during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventing Chronic Disease, 17, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200265
COVIDSurg Collaborative. (2020). Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans. British Journal of Surgery, 107(11), 1440–2449. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11746
Da Silva Casemiro, L. K. D., Lopes-Júnior, L. C., Jardim, F. A., Sulino, M. C., & de Lima, R. A. G. (2022). Telehealth in outpatient care for children and adolescents with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review protocol. PLoS ONE, 17(6 June), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269821
Daniel P. Oran, AM, and Eric J. Topol, M. (2020). Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection A Narrative Review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 43(6). https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3012
Deng, D., Liang, A., Chui, J. N., Wong, G., & Cooper, T. E. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic and access to health care in people with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrology, 27(5), 410–420. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.14016
Eve M. Segal, Laura Alwan, Caroline Pitney, Cathy Taketa, Amy Indorf, Lauren Held, Kathyrn S. Lee, Matthew Son, Mary Chi, Erica Diamantides, Rena Gosser, R. G. (2020). Establishing clinical pharmacist telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic Eve. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 5–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa184
Fekadu, G., Bekele, F., Tolossa, T., Fetensa, G., Turi, E., Getachew, M., Abdisa, E., Assefa, L., Afeta, M., Demisew, W., Dugassa, D., Diriba, D. C., & Labata, B. G. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on chronic diseases care follow-up and current perspectives in low resource settings: a narrative review. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 13(3), 86–93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34336132%0Ahttp://www.pub medcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC8310882
Gonçalves, R. L., Pagano, A. S., Reis, Z. S. N., Brackstone, K., Lopes, T. C. P., Cordeiro, S. A., Nunes, J. M., Afagbedzi, S. K., Head, M., Meira Jr, W., Batchelor, J., & Ribeiro, A. L. P. (2023). Usability of Telehealth Systems for Noncommunicable Diseases in Primary Care From the COVID-19 Pandemic Onward: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e44209. https://doi.org/10.2196/44209
Gordon, A. S., & Kim, Y. (2022). Telehealth and Outpatient Visits
Among Individuals with Chronic Conditions by Socioeconomic Status in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Cohort Study. Telemedicine and E-Health, 29(7), 1105–1110. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2022.0233
Hacker, K. A., Briss, P. A., Richardson, L., Wright, J., & Petersen, R. (2021). COVID-19 and Chronic Disease: The Impact Now and in the Future. Preventing Chronic Disease, 18, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5888/PCD18.210086
Haque, M. M. A., Jahan, Y., Khair, Z., Moriyama, M., Rahman, M. M., Sarker, M. H. R., Shaima, S. N., Chowdhury, S., Matin, K. F., Karim, I. J., Ahmed, M. T., Hossain, S. Z., Masud, M. A. H., Nabi, M. G., Aziz, A. B., Sharif, M., Chowdhury, M. F. I., Shams, K. L., Nizam, N. B., … Hawlader, M. D. H. (2022). Perceptions about Telemedicine among Populations with Chronic Diseases amid COVID-19: Data from a Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074250
Harsono, D., Deng, Y., Chung, S., Barakat, L. A., Friedland, G., Meyer, J. P., Porter, E., Villanueva, M., Wolf, M. S., Yager, J. E., & Edelman, E. J. (2022). Experiences with Telemedicine for HIV Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study. AIDS and Behavior, 26(6), 2099–2111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461- 021-03556-7
Haybar, H., Kazemnia, K., & Rahim, F. (2020). Underlying Chronic Disease and COVID-19 Infection: A State-of-the-Art Review. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5812/jjcdc.103452
Heyck Lee, S., Ramondino, S., Gallo, K., & Moist, L. M. (2022). A Quantitative and Qualitative Study on Patient and Physician Perceptions of Nephrology Telephone Consultation During COVID19. Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581211066720
Hoffer-Hawlik, M. A., Moran, A. E., Burka, D., Kaur, P., Cai, J., Frieden, T. R., & Gupta, R. (2020). Leveraging telemedicine for chronic disease management in low- And middle-income countries during Covid-19. Global Heart, 15(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5334/GH.852
Hong, Z., Li, N., Li, D., Li, J., Li, B., Xiong, W., Lu, L., Li, W., & Zhou, D. (2020). Telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences from Western China. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.2196/19577
Horrell, L. N., Hayes, S., Herbert, L. B., MacTurk, K., Lawhon, L.,
Valle, C. G., & Bhowmick, A. (2021). Telemedicine use and healthrelated concerns of patients with chronic conditions during COVID19: Survey of members of online health communities. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.2196/23795
Iftekhar, E. N., Priesemann, V., Balling, R., Bauer, S., Beutels, P., Calero Valdez, A., Cuschieri, S., Czypionka, T., Dumpis, U., Glaab, E., Grill, E., Hanson, C., Hotulainen, P., Klimek, P., Kretzschmar, M., Krüger, T., Krutzinna, J., Low, N., Machado, H., … Willeit, P. (2021). A look into the future of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: an expert consultation. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100185
Islam, N., Lacey, B., Shabnam, S., Erzurumluoglu, A. M., DambhaMiller, H., Chowell, G., Kawachi, I., & Marmot, M. (2021). Social inequality and the syndemic of chronic disease and COVID-19: County-level analysis in the USA. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 75(6), 496–500. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech2020-215626
Javanparast, S., Roeger, L., & Reed, R. L. (2021). Experiences of patients with chronic diseases of access to multidisciplinary care during COVID-19 in South Australia. Australian Health Review, 45(5), 525–532. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH20328
Jiang, W., Majumder, S., Kumar, S., Subramaniam, S., Li, X., Khedri, R., Mondal, T., Abolghasemian, M., Satia, I., & Deen, M. J. (2022). A Wearable Tele-Health System towards Monitoring COVID-19 and Chronic Diseases. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 15, 61–84. https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2021.3069815
Kapuria, D., Bollipo, S., Rabiee, A., Ben-Yakov, G., Kumar, G., Siau, K., Lee, H. W., Congly, S., Turnes, J., Dhanasekaran, R., & Lui, R. N. (2021). Roadmap to resuming care for liver diseases after coronavirus disease-2019. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia), 36(4), 885–892. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15178
Kaye, R., Rosen-zvi, M., & Ron, R. (2020). Digitally-Enabled Remote Care for Cancer Patients: Here to Stay. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 36(6), 151091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2020.151091
Kendzerska, T., Zhu, D. T., Gershon, A. S., Edwards, J. D., Peixoto, C., Robillard, R., & Kendall, C. E. (2021). The effects of the health system response to the covid-19 pandemic on chronic disease management: A narrative review. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 575–584. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S293471
Khoong, E. C., Lyles, C. R., & Karliner, L. (2020). Addressing Equity in Telemedicine for Chronic Disease Management During the Covid-19 Pandemic Improving Outpatient diagnosis View project Medication Adherence View project. NEJM Catalyst, 1(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.20.0123
Kikuchi, K., Hamano, S. ichiro, Horiguchi, A., Nonoyama, H., Hirata, Y., Matsuura, R., Koichihara, R., Oka, A., & Hirano, D. (2022). Telemedicine in epilepsy management during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Pediatrics International, 64(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14972 https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14972
Kim, Y., Gordon, A., Rowerdink, K., Herrera Scott, L., & Chi, W. (2022). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Utilization Among Insured Individuals With Common Chronic Conditions. Medical Care, 60(9), 673–679. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001747
Koh, J. H., Chong, L. C. Y., Koh, G. C. H., & Tyagi, S. (2023). Telemedical Interventions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management: Umbrella Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2196/33185
Lan, Y. L., & Chen, H. C. (2022). Telehealth care system for chronic disease management of middle-aged and older adults in remote areas. Health Informatics Journal, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/14604582221141835
Lapão, L. V., Peyroteo, M., Maia, M., Seixas, J., Gregório, J., Da Silva, M. M., Heleno, B., & Correia, J. C. (2021). Implementation of digital monitoring services during the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with chronic diseases: Design science approach. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(8). https://doi.org/10.2196/24181
Lau, J., Hsien-Yung Tan, D., & Tan, K. K. (2021). Inspired by COVID-19: Primary care of chronic diseases must also innovate. Family Practice, 37(6), 868–869. https://doi.org/10.1093/FAMPRA/CMAA067
Lau, N., Colt, S. F., Waldbaum, S., O’Daffer, A., Fladeboe, K., YiFrazier, J. P., McCauley, E., & Rosenberg, A. R. (2021). Telemental health for youth with chronic illnesses: Systematic review. JMIR Mental Health, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.2196/30098
Lignou, S., Greenwood, J., Sheehan, M., & Wolfe, I. (2022). Changes in Healthcare Provision During Covid-19 and Their Impact on Children With Chronic Illness: A Scoping Review. Inquiry (United States), 59, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580221081445
Liu, N., Huang, R., Baldacchino, T., Sud, A., Sud, K., Khadra, M., & Kim, J. (2020). Telehealth for noncritical patients with chronic
diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), 8–11. https://doi.org/10.2196/19493
Louis S Levene, Samuel Seidu, Trish Greenhalgh, K. K. (2020). Pandemic threatens primary care for long term conditions Change is required to ensure effective care during and after covid-19 Louis. BMJ (Online), 371, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l251
Marasca, C., De Rosa, A., Fabbrocini, G., Cantelli, M., Patrì, A., Vastarella, M., Gallo, L., di Vico, F., Poggi, S., & Ruggiero, A. (2022). Psychological teleconsultations in patients suffering from chronic skin diseases during the COVID-19 era: a service to improve patients’ quality of life. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 33(3), 1736–1737. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2020.1809625
Mauro, V., Lorenzo, M., Paolo, C., & Sergio, H. (2020). Treat all COVID 19-positive patients, but do not forget those negative with chronic diseases. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 15(5), 787–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02395-z
Mboweni, S. H., & Risenga, P. R. (2022). The Impact of The COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of Chronic Disease in South Africa: A Systematic Review. The Open Public Health Journal, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v15- e2206140
McElroy, J. A., Day, T. M., & Becevic, M. (2020). The influence of telehealth for better health across communities. Preventing Chronic Disease, 17, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5888/PCD17.200254
McLoone, J., Wakefield, C. E., Marshall, G. M., Pierce, K., Jaffe, A., Bye, A., Kennedy, S. E., Drew, D., & Lingam, R. (2022). It’s made a really hard situation even more difficult: The impact of COVID-19 on families of children with chronic illness. PLoS ONE, 17(9 September), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273622
Mirsky Jacob, H., & Daniel. (2019). Chronic Disease Management in the COVID-19 Era. The American Journal of Managed Care, 26(8), 294–295. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23141
Mobula, L. M., Heller, D. J., Commodore-Mensah, Y., Walker Harris, V., & Cooper, L. A. (2020). Protecting the vulnerable during COVID-19: Treating and preventing chronic disease disparities. Gates Open Research, 4, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13181.1
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, A. D. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. The PRISMA Group. https://doi.org/doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097
Mohiuddin, S. I., Thorakkattil, S. A., Abushoumi, F., Nemr, H. S.,
Jabbour, R., & Al-Ghamdi, F. (2021). Implementation of pharmacistled tele medication management clinic in ambulatory care settings: A patient-centered care model in COVID-19 Era. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 4, 100083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100083
Morisada, M. V., Hwang, J., Gill, A. S., Wilson, M. D., Strong, E. B., & Steele, T. O. (2021). Telemedicine, Patient Satisfaction, and Chronic Rhinosinusitis Care in the Era of COVID-19. American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy, 35(4), 494–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/1945892420970460
Niakan Kalhori, S. R., Bahaadinbeigy, K., Deldar, K., Gholamzadeh, M., Hajesmaeel-Gohari, S., & Ayyoubzadeh, S. M. (2021). Digital health solutions to control the COVID-19 pandemic in countries with high disease prevalence: Literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2196/19473
Norouzi, S., Arefi, F., Sistani, S., & Mirzaee, M. (2023). A pragmatically before-after trial of tele-visits vs face-to-face visits for chronic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: patient-reported adherence. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 172(January). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105003
OECD/European Union. (2022). Health at a Glance: Europe 2022: State of Health in the EU Cycle. In OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/507433b0-en. ISBN
OECD. (2022). First lessons from government evaluations of COVID-19 responses. January, 1–45. In OECD Publishing, Paris. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/first-lessonsfrom-government-evaluations-of-covid-19-responses-a-synthesis483507d6/
OECD and European Union. (2020). Health at a Glance: Europe 2020 State of health in the EU cycle. In Health at a Glance 2020. In OECD Publishing, Paris.https://doi.org/10.1787/82129230-en
Olmastroni, E., Galimberti, F., Tragni, E., Catapano, A. L., & Casula, M. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Adherence to Chronic Therapies: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053825
Omboni, S. (2020). Telemedicine during the COVID-19 in Italy: A Missed Opportunity? Telemedicine and E-Health, 26(8), 973–975. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2020.0106
Omboni, S., Ballatore, T., Rizzi, F., Tomassini, F., Panzeri, E., & Campolo, L. (2021). Telehealth at scale can improve chronic disease
management in the community during a pandemic: An experience at the time of COVID-19. PLoS ONE, 16(9 September), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258015
Palfreyman, S. (2012). How to do a Systematic Literature Review in Nursing – A Step-by-Step GuideHow to do a Systematic Literature Review in Nursing – A Step-by-Step Guide. In Nursing Standard (Vol. 27, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.7748/ns2012.10.27.7.30.b1423
Perrone, G., Zerbo, S., Bilotta, C., Malta, G., & Argo, A. (2020). Telemedicine during Covid-19 pandemic: Advantage or critical issue? Medico-Legal Journal, 88(2), 76–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0025817220926926
Pigott, J. S., Armstrong, M., Chesterman, E., Read, J., Nimmons, D., Walters, K., Davies, N., & Schrag, A. (2022). Remote Consultations for People With Parkinson Disease and Cognitive Impairment: Interview Study With Patients, Caregivers, and Health Care Professionals. JMIR Neurotechnology, 1(1), e39974. https://doi.org/10.2196/39974
Poitras, M. E., Poirier, M. D., Couturier, Y., T Vaillancourt, V., Cormier, C., Gauthier, G., Massé, S., Gendron, A., Oswick, M. L., Morin, A., Blanchette, P., & Bernier, A. (2022). Chronic conditions patient’s perception of post-COVID-19 pandemic teleconsulting continuation in primary care clinics: a qualitative descriptive study. BMJ Open, 12(12), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022- 066871
Portnoy, J., Waller, M., & Elliott, T. (2020). Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(5), 1489-1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.008
Ramakrishnan, M., Poojari, P. G., Rashid, M., & Nair, S. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medicine supply chain for patients with chronic diseases: Experiences of the community pharmacists. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 20(101243). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101243
Ramanathan, K., Antognini, D., Combes, A., Paden, M., Zakhary, B., Ogino, M., Maclaren, G., & Brodie, D. (2022). Efficacy of telemedicine for the management of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Digit Health, 4, 676– 691, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00124-8
Rapelli, G., Lopez, G., Donato, S., Pagani, A. F., Parise, M., Bertoni, A., & Iafrate, R. (2020). A Postcard From Italy: Challenges and Psychosocial Resources of Partners Living With and Without a Chronic Disease During COVID-19 Epidemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(December), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567522
Rodriguez, J. A., Betancourt, J. R., Sequist, T. D., & Ganguli, I. (2021). Differences in the use of telephone and video telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Journal of Managed Care, 27(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.37765/AJMC.2021.88573
Rosellini, I., Vianello, M., Palmieri, A., Guidoni, S. V., Giopato, F., Ghazaryan, A., Fuccaro, M., Terrin, A., Vitaliani, R., Rigoni, M. T., Pietrobon, F., & Bonifati, D. M. (2023). Patient satisfaction with televisit in chronic neurologic disorders during Covid-19 pandemic. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 123(3), 983–991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-023-02173-6
Rosenlund, M., Kinnunen, U. M., & Saranto, K. (2023). The Use of Digital Health Services Among Patients and Citizens Living at Home: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25. https://doi.org/10.2196/44711
Roy, B., Nowak, R. J., Roda, R., Khokhar, B., Patwa, H. S., Lloyd, T., & Rutkove, S. B. (2020). Teleneurology during the COVID-19 pandemic: A step forward in modernizing medical care. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 414(116930), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.116930
Samofalov, D. A., Izhytska, N. V., Dragomyretska, N. M., & Lyashenko, A. V. (2020). Information and Communication Technologies in Public Management of the Healthcare Institutions Network During Covid-19 Pandemics. Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 73(11), 2535–2542. https://doi.org/10.36740/wlek202011136
Saqib, M. A. N., Siddiqui, S., Qasim, M., Jamil, M. A., Rafique, I., Awan, U. A., Haroon, M., & Afzal, M. S. (2020). Effect of COVID19 lockdown on patients with chronic diseases. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(6), 1621– 1623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.028
Seixas, A. A., Olaye, I. M., Wall, S. P., & Dunn, P. (2021). Optimizing Healthcare Through Digital Health and Wellness Solutions to Meet the Needs of Patients With Chronic Disease During the COVID-19 Era. Frontiers in Public Health, 9(July), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.667654
Smithson, R., Roche, E., & Wicker, C. (2021). Virtual models of chronic disease management: Lessons from the experiences of virtual care during the COVID-19 response. Australian Health Review, 45(3), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH20190
Stachteas, P., Symvoulakis, M., Tsapas, A., & Smyrnakis, E. (2022).
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of patients with chronic diseases in Primary Health Care. Population Medicine, 4(August), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.18332/popmed/152606
Stulock, R., Montgomery, J., Parker, M., Soric, A., & Zeleznikar, E. (2022). Pharmacist involvement in a comprehensive remote monitoring and telemanagement program. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 79(11), 888–895. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxac025
Tewksbury, C., Deleener, M. E., Dumon, K. R., & Williams, N. N. (2021). Practical considerations of developing and conducting a successful telehealth practice in response to COVID-19. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 36(4), 769–774. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10742
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. (2020). COVID-19 heralds a new era for chronic diseases in primary care. The Lancet, 8(7), 647. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30274-5
Wake, D. J., Gibb, F. W., Kar, P., Kennon, B., Klonoff, D. C., Rayman, G., Rutter, M. K., Sainsbury, C., & Semple, R. K. (2020). Remodelling diabetes services and emerging innovation. European Journal of Endocrinology, 183(2), G67–G77. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-0377
Wang, H., Yuan, X., & Wang, J. (2021). Telemedicine maybe an effective solution for management of chronic disease during the COVID-19 epidemic. Primary Health Care Research and Development, 22, 1231–1235. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423621000517
Wilczewski, H., Paige, S. R., Ong, T., Soni, H., Barrera, J. F., Welch, B. M., & Bunnell, B. E. (2022). Providers’ Perspectives on Telemental Health Usage After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Analysis. JMIR Formative Research, 6(11), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2196/39634
Williams, C., & Shang, D. (2023). Telehealth for Chronic Disease Management Among Vulnerable Populations. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01588-4
Wittmeier, K. D. M., Protudjer, J. L. P., & Wicklow, B. A. (2021). Reflections on Virtual Care for Chronic Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 45(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.11.013
Wyper, G. M. A., Assunção, R., Cuschieri, S., Devleesschauwer, B., Fletcher, E., Haagsma, J. A., Hilderink, H. B. M., Idavain, J., Lesnik, T., Von Der Lippe, E., Majdan, M., Milicevic, M. S., Pallari, E., Peñalvo, J. L., Pires, S. M., Plaß, D., Santos, J. V., Stockton, D. L.,
Thomsen, S. T., & Grant, I. (2020). Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis. Archives of Public Health, 78(47), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020- 00437-8
Yu, S., Wan, R., Bai, L., Zhao, B., Jiang, Q., Jiang, J., & Li, Y. (2023). Transformation of chronic disease management: Before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(March), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1074364
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 ESI Preprints
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.